Duladeva
The Shiva temple, locally called Duladeva, stands near the Khudar rivulet. This seems to be the last of Khajuraho`s great temples. It was possibly constructed by the powerful Chandella king Madanavarman, in about AD 1130. It displays a marked change from the earlier temples in its architectural and sculptural style in that its figures have sharp features and angular postures, and wear typical trefoil crowns and leg ornaments. The figures are also heavily ornamented. This style was prevalent in the Chandella domain even outside Khajuraho, at Jamsot in the Allahabad region.
The temple shows influences of Western Indian architectural traditions. Its sanctum was built as if by rotating a square round a central axis. Such a plan is not found in any of the earlier temples of Khajuraho. Its mahamandapa is large and octagonal, with a Furnished circular ceiling. It originally had twenty apsara brackets, grouped in bunches of two or three. Now some of these are in the Site Museum.
The Hindi name `Duladeva`, young bridegroom, refers to a local tribal myth of Dulhadeva who, like the corn spirit, is wedded and slain amidst marriage celebrations, as part of fertility rituals. The name must have been given to this temple in the post-Chandella period.
Chaturbhuja
Located at some distance from the main group of temples, southwest of the Jatkari village, the Chaturbhuja temple is a sight to behold in the late afternoon, when its magnificent icon is lit by the rays of the setting sun. The temple faces west, unlike most of the Khajuraho temples, which are oriented to the east. This temple is dated to around 1100 AD.
The temple has an image of Vishnu on its door lintel and enshrines in its specially built sunken sanctum one of the most majestic icons of northern India, a 2.75 m. (9 ft.) high statue of an unusual ascetic form of Vishnu .This charming god, with matted hair and ornaments, is Chaturbhuja (four-armed), hence the name of the temple.
In a northern niche is a rare image of the goddess Narasimhi, with a lion`s face and a human body. Below is an image of Vishnu. Images of Ardhanarishvara and Surya are seen in the southern and eastern niches.
Excavated Bijamandala (Vaidyanatha) Temple
The Archaeological Survey began excavation of the Bijamandala mound near the Jatkari village, not far from the Chaturbhuja temple, in March 1999, to mark the Khajuraho Millennium year,. The plinth that has been unearthed is 34 m. long, which is larger than the 30 m. plinth of the Kandariya Mahadeva, so far the biggest temple at Khajuraho. This suggests that this excavated temple should be the largest at Khajuraho. The temple has an exquisite image of Sarasvati in a niche of its mandapa (now shifted to the Site Museum).
Images of Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva as well as figures of apsaras and vyalas have been found. There is a small Jina figure in the sculptural relief of the plinth, which reminds one of the similar theme on the Vishvanatha and Devi Jagadamba temples of the western group. A study of the plinth moundings dates the temple much earlier than the Kandariya Mahadeva, and nearer in date to the Devi Jagadamba temple (c. 1000-1025 AD). It is likely to be the Vaidyanatha Shiva temple, built by Gahapati Kokkala, mentioned in his inscription of AD 1001.
Museums
The Archaeological Museum, ASI
Not far from the western group of temples, the Archeological Museum is situated on the main road, right opposite the Shivsagar tank. Though sculptures are best viewed in their original position, seeing them in a museum at eyelevel, due to which several minute details can be observed, which otherwise would have been missed if the sculptures were seen in dark corners of the temples.
The Museum has about a hundred stone sculptures from Khajuraho, carved between the tenth and twelfth centuries. They are categorized according to various themes: I ) Shaivite and Shakti Gallery, 2) Vaishnavite Gallery, and the 3) Jain Gallery. There are also secular sculptures.
The entrance has superb door jambs with the river goddesses Ganga and Yamuna, and a lintel with Ardhanarishvara (Shiva Androgyn) in the centre. It is one of the largest lintels found at the site and this also indicates that there existed a larger, bigger, temple than the Kandariya Mahadeva, which once stood at Khajuraho.
A gracefully dancing Ganesha welcomes , as one enters. The Ganesha is dancing to the beats of a drummer to his side. Nearby, is the only image of the Buddha found in Khajuraho, discovered by Cunningham. There is also an icon of Hari-Hara, combining the two gods Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara), standing in samabhanga. An image of the sun god, accompanied by his retinue, shown standing on his chariot drawn by seven horses is also in the vicinity.
Miscellaneous sculptures are found on the room on the right.. The sculpture of a Chandella king and queen performing a ritual is among royal figures. The panel depicting sculptors at work is a rare depiction of artists at Khajuraho. The upper part of the wall show Apsara bracket figures.
A four footed Sadashiva with six visible faces adorn the Shaivite and Shakti Gallery. A large sculpture of Parvati standing on an iguana was probably once the main icon of worship in a large temple. Other noteworthy sculptures are: Shiva as Ardhanarishvara, the Seven Matrikas dancing along with Virabhadra and Ganesha, and an image of Ganesha with his consort.
The extra ordinary sculpture of Vishnu should not be missed at the Vaishnavite gallery., seated in yogasana and making a gesture of silence with his forefinger, this sculpture is surely a masterpiece.. There is also a four-faced composite image of standing Vaikuntha with the faces of a lion, a man, a boar, and a horse .An image of Varaha, with a boar`s head and a human body, rescuing the Earth Goddess who is seated on his left arm, and a lintel depicting the incarnations of Vishnu, dazzle in the Vaishnavite gallery.
Well carved images of the Tirthankaras like Adinatha ,Kunthunatha, Parshvanatha, and Mahavira adorn the Jain gallery. There are interesting sculptures of the Yakshi Ambika standing under a mango tree, and the goddess Manovega with a horse mount on her pedestal. Most remarkable are the sculptures of the `Parents of Jina`, with a tiny figure of Jina carved on the stylized tree under which they are sitting.
The Museum is open from 10 am to 5 pm on all days except Fridays. The entry ticket to the Western group of temples is valid for the Museum. Photography is only permitted to those who have obtained written permission from the Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, Janpath, New Delhi 110011.
The Jain Museum
Housing ,more than a hundred jain sculptures, this circular building, known as Sahu Shantiprasad Jain Kala Sangrahalaya, within the Jain temple complex, was inaugurated in 1987. It houses. At the entrance are two large ornamented makara toranas, arranged on both sides of the steps.
Some noteworthy images of Jain Tirthankaras, Jain Yakshis and Yakshas, Kshetrapalas, preceptors found in Khajuraho. The images of Tirthankaras include those of Adinatha, Ajitanatha, Sambhavanatha, Suparshvanatha, Abhinandananatha, Vimalanatha, Shantinatha, Neminatha, Parshvanatha, and Mahavira. There are also sculptures of Chakreshvari, Padmavati, Ambika, Gandhari, Jvalamalini, and other goddesses.
The Museum is open every day, from 7 am to 6 pm. There is a nominal entrance fee. For photography, the main office in the Jain complex may be contacted.
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